Caucasian languages are a large number of languages that are not included in the groups of Indo-European, Altai or Uralic languages, but which are spoken by about 7 million people. Some of the Caucasian branches are so colorful that they only speak in remote villages.
The languages of the Caucasus are divided into three large groups with a number of branches. The southern branch includes Georgian, Mingrelian and Laz, used mainly in Turkey. Also, the Svanetian language, widely used in the west of Georgia, can be attributed to the southern language group. The northwestern linguistic branch is the Abkhazian, Abaza, Adyghe, Kabardino-Circassian and Ubykh languages. This group is one of the most widespread, the coverage area is Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and Abkhazia.
The total number of speakers of these languages is about a million people. Another large linguistic family is the northeastern one, which includes the Chechen, Ingush and Batsbi languages. If the Chechen and Ingush languages became the main languages in the Chechen Republic and Ingushetia, then the Batsbi language has a very limited area of use - a small village in western Georgia.
The languages of the Caucasian group themselves have distinctive features from other languages of the region. The sound system is presented in the form of simple vowels and more than 70 consonants, in some languages there are more than 50 cases. That is, these languages have absorbed all the variety of morphological and syntactic forms characteristic of Indo-European languages, and at the same time remained fundamentally different.
The history of the Caucasian languages is extremely amazing. For many centuries, each language was supported and developed through oral and written folk art, thanks to which it was possible to preserve unique dialects from the time of the Alans in remote remote villages. Currently, only the Georgian language has a state and literary status. Its history dates back to the 5th century BC and has many works recognized as cultural heritage. Despite all the ramification of the Caucasian group of languages, it is not yet possible to prove their relationship.
Many scientists have put forward various theories of combining these languages into one territorial subgroup, but there is no historical evidence yet. The Caucasus continues to amaze and fascinate with its originality.
