"Square of three stations" or Komsomolskaya square in Moscow is the place from which passengers depart in several directions at once from the Leningradsky, Yaroslavsky and Kazansky railway stations. The area is located in the Central Administrative District of the Russian capital and in the Krasnoselsky district of the city. Two stations of the Moscow metro - radial and ring “Komsomolskaya” - go to it at once.
The history of the "square of three stations"
Until 1933, this place in Moscow had a different name - Kalanchevskaya Square. The reason for the appearance of this "name" is the adjacent palace of Alexei Mikhailovich with a wooden watchtower. Then, already during the Soviet era, the square was named in honor of the Komsomol members who built the capital's subway. After all, it was under Komsomolskaya Square that a part of the first line of the Moscow "subway" ran.
In the 17th century, there were practically no buildings on the site of Komsomolskaya Square, only meadows and swamps, which were collectively called the Kalanchevsky field. Between the modern Yaroslavsky railway station and Verkhnyaya Krasnoselskaya street, there was also a rather large pond, formed as a dam of the large Olkhovets stream.
It is known that from 1423 to the middle of the 16th century this pond was called the Great, and after that it was called Red.
Already in the 19th century, on the site of Komsomolskaya Square, there was an Artillery yard, which exploded during the retreat of Russian troops in 1812. Writers of that time testify that then the explosion shook the entire eastern part of the capital.
The construction of the first station on this site - Nikolaevsky or now Leningradsky - began in 1856 under the direction of the architect A. K. Thorn. At the same time, on the site of the modern Lesnoryadskiy lane, on the opposite side of the square, there were forest rows, in which logs brought to Moscow were sold and shipped.
The building of the Ryazan (now Kazan) railway station was built already in 1864, and the Yaroslavsky one in 1862. Moreover, their buildings were subsequently rebuilt. The first was erected in the first quarter of the last century according to the project of A. V. Shchusev, and the second - in 1907 according to the project of Shekhtel, who proposed a concept in the Art Nouveau style.
Komsomolskaya Square during the Soviet years
In 1933-1934, in the middle of the square, a metro was laid in an open way. And now, at this place, which not many Muscovites know about, a cable line with a voltage of 220 kV has been laid at a depth of 1.5 meters. It connects two substations Elokhovskaya and Butyrka.
At the same time, at the time of the beginning of the laying of the first Moscow metro, a single pavilion of the Komsomolskaya station was built between the Leningradsky and Yaroslavsky railway stations, which after already in 1952 was replaced with a more modern building. It connected the radial and circular stations.
In the same 1952, the Leningradskaya Hotel was built, which became the final building in the formation of a single ensemble of Komsomolskaya Square. This place in the capital still exists in the same form.
